UCVM Researchers Address Concerns Over Bird Flu Spillover into Cattle

Researchers from the University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UCVM) are actively monitoring the recent reports of avian influenza virus (H5N1) detected in cattle herds within the United States. While media attention has focused on the potential for wider transmission, UCVM experts urge the public to remain informed while emphasizing that there is currently a low risk to human health.

Dr. Faizal Careem, PhD, a UCVM researcher and poultry veterinarian, has dedicated the past decade to studying avian influenza viruses, with a particular focus on highly pathogenic avian flu viruses (HPAI), which include H5N1. His research highlights instances of spillover from wild birds into commercial poultry operations, and even cases involving mammals like foxes and skunks.

Despite these concerning transmissions, Dr. Careem stresses that the “highly pathogenic” classification refers to the virus’s impact on birds and doesn’t automatically indicate similar severity in humans or other mammals. Current analysis of the H5N1 virus found in cattle shows no signs of mutations that would increase transmissibility between mammals.

While acknowledging the relatively few cases of transmission to mammals compared to the millions of infected birds, Dr. Careem notes the possibility of undetected cases due to the absence of widespread animal autopsies. However, available data suggests a limited threat, as evidenced by the mild symptoms experienced by a recently infected dairy farm worker in the U.S.

The primary focus at the moment is on containing the spread of the virus. For most individuals, the outbreak is unlikely to have any significant impact on daily life. Avian influenza viruses are generally unstable and require direct contact for transmission, minimizing the risk of contamination within the food supply.

Dr. Karin Orsel, DVM, MSc, PhD, Dipl. ECBHM, advises livestock owners to take preventative measures. “While ongoing vigilance is necessary, livestock owners should prioritize biosecurity measures to minimize any contact between livestock and wild waterfowl. Suspected infected animals should not be transported unless absolutely essential.”

The University of Calgary’s Diagnostic Services Unit (DSU) and Veterinary Outbreak Investigative Service (VOIS) play a crucial role in early disease detection within livestock populations. These units work closely with producers to maintain animal health and ensure the safety of the food supply.